Bacon, Blue Eyes, and a Booming Woofer: My Madras Days

Ah, Madras. Or should I say Chennai, as it’s now known? My dear old stomping ground, a city steeped in history, filter coffee, and the lingering aroma of jasmine. But the Madras of my childhood, in the early 1960s, was a different beast altogether. A quieter beast. A beast without the cacophony of a thousand auto-rickshaws vying for your attention. Imagine, if you will, a Madras with barely any traffic!

Our family chariot, a trusty Hillman Minx with the license plate MDJ 1345 (or something close, memory is a fickle mistress at my age), would glide down Mount Road – now Anna Salai for you young’uns – with an almost regal air. One of our regular haunts was Spencer’s, a shopping mecca in those days. Now, why Spencer’s, you ask? Well, my dear reader, it was one of the few places where you could find that most exotic of meats: bacon!

You see, my father had just returned from completing his Master’s degree in Tennessee, USA. He brought back with him not just a head full of knowledge and a suitcase full of souvenirs, but also a hankering for American breakfast staples. Bacon, that crispy, salty delight, was top of the list. Whether his accent had acquired a twang, I couldn’t tell you. I was but a wee lad of five, more preoccupied with the fascinating world around me than the nuances of my father’s vowels.

Now, my father wasn’t just a bacon enthusiast. He was also a passionate member of the Indo-American Friendship Society. Their meetings were held at the rather grand residence of Mr. and Mrs. Clark. Mr. Clark was, I believe, some sort of diplomat, but to my five-year-old self, he was simply the man with the lovely wife who had the most mesmerizing china blue eyes. I was utterly captivated. Mrs. Clark, bless her cotton socks, would often find me staring intently at her, probably with my mouth agape. I’m sure she found it rather amusing.

Madras back then was a city that moved at a slower pace. No blaring televisions, no internet, no mobile phones. My window to the outside world was a magnificent valve radio, lovingly built by my father. This wasn’t just any radio mind you. This was a behemoth, sitting atop a massive speaker cabinet that housed a tweeter, a mid-range, a woofer, and a hand-built crossover network. The sound it produced was rich, warm, and utterly captivating.

The raw materials for this audio masterpiece were sourced from the legendary Moore Market. Ah, Moore Market! A sprawling labyrinth of stalls selling everything under the sun. Old World War II radio sets, headphones, valves, resistors, capacitors – you name it, they had it. I would often accompany my father on his expeditions to this Aladdin’s cave, my eyes wide with wonder. Sadly, Moore Market met an unfortunate end in a fire, but its memory lives on in the minds of many old-timers.

Life in those days had a certain simplicity, a certain peace. Maybe it was the absence of the constant bombardment of information and stimulation that we experience today. Or maybe it was just the blissful ignorance of childhood, where responsibilities were few and worries even fewer. Whatever the reason, I can’t help but feel a sense of tranquility when I think back to those days.

But were those days truly better than the ones we live in now? It’s a question I often ponder. We have so much more today in terms of technology, convenience, and access to information. Yet, we also seem to be more stressed, more anxious, and more disconnected from each other. Perhaps it’s a classic case of “the grass is always greener on the other side.”

One thing is for sure, my formative years in Madras shaped me in profound ways. The sights, the sounds, the smells – they’re all etched into my memory. And while I’ve lived in many different places since then, Madras will always hold a special place in my heart.

Now, I realize this nostalgic ramble might only resonate with those of a certain vintage. If you remember Mount Road, Spencer’s, and Moore Market, then you’re probably in the same age bracket as me. And if you too have a deep affection for the Madras of yore, I’d love to hear your stories. Did you also have a father who built his own radio? Did you spend your afternoons sipping lime soda at a quaint Irani cafe? Let’s take a trip down memory lane together and celebrate the good old days!

TMK, DMK, and Nagarathnamma

Introduction

Unless you have been living under a rock or have never heard about Carnatic music, you could not have missed the huge controversy surrounding the current events involving the Music Academy, musician T.M. Krishna, the spate of boycotts, and Chitraveena Ravikiran’s return of the Sangeetha Kalanidhi award. 

Adding the proverbial fuel to the fire is the still echoing uproar surrounding the remarks of a current minister in the DMK about abolishing Sanatana Dharma, which, in his view, is encouraging caste discrimination. The political party DMK, came to power espousing the cause of social justice and equality as espoused by another leader, E.V. Ramaswamy a.k.a Periyar.

A quick flashback

Eons ago, a Devadasi faced a similar cultural boycott. Bangalore Nagarathnamma was the target then. The irony is that the sister duo Ranjani-Gayathri, who were quick off the block in the current controversy, would have never been allowed to perform but for Bangalore Nagarathnamma’s crusade to allow women to perform on stage.

Who was Bangalore Nagarathnamma?

Bangalore Nagarathnamma (1878–1952) is a remarkable figure in the history of Carnatic music. Not only did she make exceptional contributions to preserving the legacy of Saint Tyagaraja, but she also played a pioneering role in challenging and transforming the societal norms of her time. Her life and work initiated several social revolutions within the Carnatic music community and beyond, advocating for inclusivity, equality, and the recognition of talent irrespective of gender or caste. This blog post delves into her contributions and the social revolutions she sparked while addressing the current controversies surrounding contemporary Carnatic musician T.M. Krishna.

Bangalore Nagarathnamma’s Contributions and Social Revolutions

Preservation and Promotion of Tyagaraja’s Legacy

  • Nagarathnamma’s unwavering devotion to Tyagaraja, one of the Trinity of Carnatic music, is well-documented.
  • She was crucial in establishing the Tyagaraja Aradhana, an annual music festival held in Thiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, to celebrate Tyagaraja’s compositions.
  • This festival has become a cornerstone event for Carnatic music enthusiasts worldwide, where artists pay homage to the great composer through soul-stirring renditions.

Establishment of Tyagaraja’s Memorial

  • Recognizing the significance of preserving Tyagaraja’s memory, Nagarathnamma took a bold step.
  • She purchased land around Tyagaraja’s samadhi in Thiruvaiyaru and constructed a temple in his honor.
  • This space became the epicenter for the annual Aradhana festival, ensuring that Tyagaraja’s contributions to Indian classical music were celebrated for generations.
  • Her initial efforts to organize an all-inclusive music festival met with resistance

How her Thygaraja festival was boycotted

The boycott of Bangalore Nagarathnammal’s Tyagaraja Aradhana festival by caste-based musicians primarily stemmed from the orthodox and conservative sections of the Carnatic music community, particularly from higher caste Brahmins. This resistance was deeply rooted in the prevailing caste hierarchies and social norms of early 20th-century India, which often dictated access to cultural and religious practices, including music. Nagarathnammal’s festival, which was groundbreaking in its inclusivity, challenged these entrenched norms by welcoming musicians and attendees regardless of their caste or gender. Here’s a closer look at how the boycott unfolded and its implications:

Mechanisms of the Boycott

  • Caste-Based Exclusivity: The elite musicians and patrons, who were predominantly from the upper-caste Brahmin community, viewed the participation of lower-caste individuals and women, especially those from marginalized communities, in such a sacred event as a violation of their traditionalist views of purity and sanctity.
  • Parallel Festivals: In response to Nagarathnammal’s inclusive festival, these conservative factions organized their versions of the Tyagaraja Aradhana, which adhered strictly to caste-based exclusivity. These parallel festivals aimed to maintain the traditional caste hierarchies within Carnatic music, effectively segregating the music community along caste lines.
  • Social and Religious Justifications: The boycott was often justified through religious and social rhetoric, claiming to protect the sanctity and tradition of Carnatic music and its associated rituals. This stance reflected societal tensions between maintaining caste purity and embracing social reform.

Implications of the Boycott

  • Highlighting Societal Divides: The boycott not only exposed the deep-rooted caste prejudices within the Carnatic music community but also mirrored the larger societal divisions based on caste and gender. It brought to the forefront the need for reform and inclusivity within traditional cultural practices.
  • Solidifying Nagarathnammal’s Resolve: Despite significant opposition and boycott, Nagarathnammal remained undeterred. Her resolve to maintain the inclusivity of the Tyagaraja Aradhana festival only strengthened, solidifying her legacy as a champion of social reform and inclusivity in Carnatic music.
  • Legacy of Inclusivity: Over time, Nagarathnammal’s inclusive approach has been vindicated, with the Tyagaraja Aradhana festival at Thiruvaiyaru symbolizing unity and diversity within the Carnatic music community. Her efforts paved the way for a broader acceptance of inclusivity, influencing subsequent generations to challenge and dismantle caste and gender barriers in the arts.

Bangalore Nagarathnammal’s confrontation with caste-based boycotts of her Tyagaraja Aradhana festival underscored her pioneering role in challenging societal norms and advocating for inclusivity and equality in Carnatic music. Her legacy continues to inspire efforts towards creating a more inclusive and equitable cultural landscape in India.

Advocacy for Women Musicians

  • Nagarathnamma shattered societal barriers by providing platforms for women musicians to perform publicly.
  • Women’s participation in public performances was marginalized during her time, especially for those from specific communities.
  • She challenged prevailing norms, opening doors for future generations of women musicians and advocating for their rightful place on the stage.

Challenging Caste Discrimination

  • Nagarathnamma’s activism extended beyond gender equality.
  • She fearlessly confronted caste discrimination within the Carnatic music community.
  • Her efforts paved the way for a more inclusive and egalitarian musical landscape, where talent triumphed over social hierarchies.

T.M. Krishna and the Ongoing Debate

  • Contemporary Carnatic musician T.M. Krishna shares similarities with Nagarathnamma.
  • Like her, he challenges established norms and advocates for a more inclusive and socially aware Carnatic music scene.
  • Krishna’s performances in non-traditional venues and emphasis on social justice mirror Nagarathnamma’s fight for equality.

Conclusion

Bangalore Nagarathnamma’s life was a symphony of courage, talent, and social reform. Her legacy reminds us that music transcends boundaries and can be a powerful force for change. When all the trolls, for and against die down, maybe the brilliance of a casteless, all inclusive society dawns upon us. Many of the current musicians who are boycotting, are like ostriches; turning a blind eye to the truth of a discrimination that exists, and I would daresay, feel threatened about the danger to their elitist positions in their perceived cultural ladder, probably the same way the current flock of MAGA cultists in the USA.

As we navigate the complexities of tradition and progress, let us draw inspiration from her unwavering spirit—a spirit that resonates through the ages and echoes in the soul-stirring notes of Carnatic music. 🎵🌟


References:

  1. Wikipedia: Bangalore Nagarathnamma
  2. The Hindu: The Activist Behind the Music
  3. Deccan Herald: Bangalore Nagarathnamma’s Reformist Zeal
  4. Dharma Dispatch: Bangalore Nagarathnamma: A Life Dedicated to Tyagaraja.